b'EnglishBliss was it in that dawn to be alive, But toMathematicsbe young was very heaven!, wrote Williamvariste Galois, a brilliant mathematician born in 1811, led Wordsworth in The Prelude as he enthuseda tragically short yet impactful life. His revolutionary work in about the French Revolution, togetherabstract algebra laid the groundwork for modern algebraic with other Romantic poets who hopedstructures and group theory. Galois made profound for a new dawn of freedom following thediscoveries in polynomial equations, particularly proving downfall of the French monarchy andthe impossibility of solving quintic equations by radicals.aristocratic rule. With their focus on humanDespite facing rejection from academic circles, his emotions and nature, Romantics such asinsights found appreciation posthumously, shaping Percy Shelley and Lord Byron challengedthe future of mathematics. His innovative techniques, accepted conventions, and hoped forsuch as Galois theory, remain fundamental in various revolutionary change in London similar tomathematical disciplines, profoundly influencing fields that witnessed in Paris, with radicals suchlike cryptography and particle physics. Galoiss legacy as William Blake condemning the use ofendures as a testament to the enduring power ofBy Alfred Galois, Public domain,children in industry, asking Are such thingsmathematical inquiry and innovation. via Wikimedia Commonsdone on Albions shore? It is a voice of protest which still resonates today. Mr DhillowDr TepeMusicBoulanger was born in Paris to aHorrible History French composer and pianist father,inspired deaths of French and a Russian princess. From the age One of Frances greatestof seven, she was preparing for thecomposersmusiciansNadiaConservatoire exam, and aged nine she became a student at the ParisJean-Baptiste Lully (1632-1687) died Boulanger (18871979) Conservatoire. By the time she was 12,from gangrene. He struck his foot with a I was spoilt for choice when tryingshe knew Bachs The Well-Temperedlong conducting staff (a practice of leading to select one of the great FrenchClavier by heart. Whilst a student atthe music that started in the 16th century) composers for mention in The Bridgethe Conservatoire, she won prizes induring a performance of his Te Deum to magazine. I could have selected Claudeharmony, organ, piano accompanimentcelebrate Louis XIVs recovery from surgery. Debussy, Gabriel Faur, Hector Berlioz,and fugue. He refused to have his toe amputated and George Bizet, Franois Couperin,later died from the infection after it spread Maurice Ravel etc. In the end, Ive optedIn 1904, she started teaching fromto his brain.for Nadia Boulanger, a lesser-knownthe family apartment at 36, Rue Ballu. composer to most, yet one of the mostFrom this base she taught for moreJean-Marie Leclair (1697-1764) was influential musicians of the 20th century.than 70 yearsalmost until her death.stabbed to death in 1764. His wife and Boulanger was a teacher, conductor,Boulanger taught atnephew were prime suspects.composer,the Juilliard School,Ernst Chausson (1855-1899) was out pianist andthe Yehudi Menuhinfor a bicycle ride outside his property in organist andSchool, the RoyalLimay when he lost control on a downhill taught someCollege of Music andslope and crashed into a brick wall, dying of the greatestthe Royal Academyinstantly.musicians,of Music. As a includingconductor, she wasLouis Vierne (1870-1937) was a blind Danielthe first woman tomusician who was organist of Notre-Dame Barenboim,conduct the BBCde Paris from 1900 until his death. On 2nd LennoxSymphony, theJune 1937, Vierne had completed the main Berkeley, ElliottBoston Symphonypart of his 1,750th recital at the cathedral. Carter, Aaronand the HallThe last part of his concert included an Copland, JohnOrchestra, andimprovisation. He read the themes he was Eliot Gardiner,conducted severalto improvise on from Braille, selected the Philip Glass,world premieres.stops and then suddenly collapsed, dying, Quincy Jones,Nadia Boulangeras he had wished, at the console of the Dinu Lipatti anddied aged 92 ingreat organ of Notre-Dame.Astor Piazzolla. 1979.Mr WardBy Edmond Joaillier (1886-1939), Parishttp://data.bnf.fr/14764348/edmond_joaillier/,Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons23'